This class we took no notes, but were introduced to different kinds of conflicts.
The Gulf War - A conflict for
oil/money.
The Algerian War - A conflict for
independence.
Tiananmen Square - A conflict for
liberty.
The Kargil Conflict - A conflict for
territory.
We were also informed about the essay that would be due in sections throughout December and January.
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Quotations and
Bibliographies
·
When
you use someone else’s work (from a book, magazine, the Internet, etc) in your
paper you must use quotations
Formatting Quotations:
Short Quotations
(less than 4 typed lines of text)
·
Should
be embedded in the sentence and enclosed with double quotation marks (“). Include the author and page number in
parentheses after the quote (called a parenthetical
citation).
·
Important – the punctuation
should appear after the parenthetical citation.
Example
Holden
Caulfield is “the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life” (Salinger 16).
Long Quotations (4
lines or more)
·
Should
be placed in a free standing block of text without
quotation marks. Start the quotation
on a new line and indent approximately one inch (hit “tab” once or twice).
·
The
parenthetical citation (author, page number) should come after the final
punctuation mark.
Example
“Catcher in the Rye” was criticized because of his
character’s hatred of religion:
Take
the Disciples, for instance. They annoy
the hell out of me,
If
you want to know the truth. They were
all right after Jesus was
dead
and all, but while He was alive, they were about as much
use
as a hole in the head. All they did was keep letting Him down.
I
like almost anybody in the Bible better than the Disciples. (Salinger 99)
Adding Words in a Quotation
·
If
you add a word (or words) put brackets around the words.
Example
Holden sometimes tell the truth since he
claims: “I am the most terrific [compulsive] liar you ever saw in your life”
(Salinger 16).
Removing Words in a Quotation
·
If
you remove a word or words you must use ellipsis marks (three periods …)
followed by a space.
Example
Holden is “…the most terrific liar…” ever
created in literature (Salinger 16).
Bibliographies (Works Cited):
·
Should
be listed alphabetically (by author’s last name).
·
Should
include all sources used, including Internet sources for images and
information.
Formatting
Bibliographic Entries
Books:
Lastname,
firstname. Title. City: Publisher,
year.
Salinger,
Jerome David. Catcher in the Rye. New
York: Little Brown and Company, 1945.
Internet Sources:
Name
of site. Date of Posting. Name of organization affiliated with the
site. Date you
accessed the site. <electronic
address>.
CBC
News. December 5 2006. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. December 7, 2006.
<www.cbc.ca>.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MLA
Style Guide
The format of the works cited page should match that of the
body of the research paper. The typeface and size should be standard and easily
readable, e.g. Times New Roman, 12 point. The paper must be double-spaced
throughout, including headings, quotations and works cited. Works cited entries
must be presented with a hanging indent.
Examples
of citations for specific types of materials:
PRINT PUBLICATIONS
Books
Books
require the following types of information, all found on the title page and the
verso of the title page:
· Name of the author
· Title of the material
· Publication
information, including place of publication, publisher, and date of publication.
e.g.
Last Name, First. Title. Place: Publisher, date.
A Book
with One Author
(all of the examples come from the following source)
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research
Papers. 6th ed. New York: Modern
Language
Association, 2003.
A Book
with Two or Three Authors
(the subsequent authors' names are presented in normal form)
Gorman, Sandra Ann and Soriah Wahab. The Women of
Afghanistan. New Haven: Yale UP, 2001.
The
Holy Bible
(no facts of publication are necessary, nor is underlining.
Chapter and verse will be given in the body of the paper or the parenthetical
documentation)
The Bible. New Standard version.
A Book
with an Author and an Editor
Grimwald, Ratcliff. The
Effect of Hypnosis on Schizophrenic Patients. 1924. Ed. Trent Black.
Oxbridge Press, 1987.
A Book
with a Corporate Author
League of Women Voters. The Nuclear Waste Primer: A Handbook for Citizens. New York: Nick
Lyon Books,
1980.
Reference
Books
In
addition to the guidelines for books, keep these items in mind:
· Include the title of the article in double quotation marks, e.g.
"Minerals and Mineralogy"
· Familiar and commonly known references need no publication
information except the date of the edition
· For reference books with contents arranged in alphabetical order,
page numbers may be omitted
· Multi-volume works need volume number information
A General Encyclopedia Article
Bates,
William. "Angelou, Maya." The Encyclopedia Americana. 2003 ed.
A General Encyclopedia Article, no Author
"Fire
Fighting." The Encyclopedia Britannica.
2004 ed.
Periodicals
Periodicals
require the following types of information:
· Name of the author
· Title of the material
· Publication information, including title of the periodical, date
of publication and page number of the article.
· The edition of newspapers should also be included, as many large
newspapers print several each day
e.g. Last Name, First. “Title of Article.” Title
of periodical date, edition: Pages.
A
Newspaper
Fisher, Ian. “Waves of Bombing Rip Iraq.” The Oregonian 12 May 2005, Northwest
final ed.: A4.
A Magazine
Ndungane,
Njongonkulu. “Truth, Blame, and
Amnesty.” World Press Review Jan.
2001: 14-15.
“Down in
the Dead Zone.” Newsweek 18 Oct. 2004. 60+.
A Scholarly
Journal
(The researcher will need to include volume, issue and page
number information in the publication information of the citation)
White, Susan. “Understanding Memes in Weblogs.” Journal of Linguistics 59 (2003): 835-62.
Young, Abraham. “Grassroots Political Advocacy: The Weblog.”
Political Quarterly Journal 6.2
(2004):
231-245.
ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS
CDs
and Other Portable Databases
Electronic
publications have the following additional requirements:
· Give the publication medium, i.e. diskette, CD-ROM.
· State the version, i.e. 2.0, 3.1.
An Article
on CD-ROM
Jackson, Giselle. “Architecture.” Grolier Multimedia
Encyclopedia. Vers. 3.1. CD-ROM.
Grolier
Interactive,
1998.
“Overview of Nicholson Baker’s Works and Career.” Discovering
Authors. Vers. 2.0. CD-ROM.
Detroit: Gale,
1996.
Internet
Pages
Online
sources may require the following types of information in the citation:
1 Name of the author
2 Title of the article
3 Title of the internet site (if
no title is evident, use "Home Page.")
4 Date of publication, or most
recent update
5 Name of any institution or
association sponsoring or associated with the website
6 Date of researchers' access
7 URL (if a new line is needed when typing the
URL, break only at a slash)
An Article
in an Online Journal
(The researcher must give the facts of the initial print
publication, as well as for the electronic version)
Byrne, Alex.” Is Snow
White?.” Boston Review. Apr.-May 2005 14 Dec. 2004. <http://www-
polisci.mit.edu/BostonReview/BR19.3/byrne.html>.
Other
Electronic Sources
A
Radio or Television Program
Unless the researcher is able to provide information about
archived programs, give the following information:
· Name of the story
·Title of the program
· Place of production
· Date of access
“Horrible Things are Happening Everywhere You Look!” The
News at Five. KOIN, Portland, OR. 4
Jul. 2004.
“The News is So Awful, Don't Even Listen.” All Things
Considered. KOPB. National Public
Radio,
Washington,
D.C. 18 May 2005.
